Ayurveda is Yoga's holistic health Science of Life
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The premise is that, like all life in the universe, we are made of the 5 elements - Space, Air, Fire, Water and Earth.
We are made of all the elements but in unique balance.
The fundamental notion in Ayurveda is to categorise our systems and also tendencies throughout the ‘types’ or ‘doshas’, which account for physical, mental, emotional and energetic qualities.  So the science looks at what brings us into balance and out of balance through the lifestyle and diet we choose.  We all have elements of all the doshas but are very likely to have a tendency towards one or two of them being dominant.  Even if we are tri-dosha, we are still going to present with dosha imbalances which are what lead to ill health.
The characteristics of the 3 doshas are described here:-

An Ayurvedic practitioner would ask you questions about your habits and lifestyle as well as take your pulse and possibly look at your tongue, like a traditional chinese medicine doctor.  The following dosha quiz from Banyan Botanicals is a pretty good starting place for investigation.  
https://www.banyanbotanicals.com/info/dosha-quiz/

If you would like to find out more, then https://yogahealer.com/begin-ayurveda is a great resource.
If you want a video tutorial course, this is very reasonable. https://learn.theayurvedaexperience.com/home/details/ayurveda

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